Managing Constipation on GLP-1s (Without Derailing Progress)

January 23, 2026
Blog
Journal

Authors

Reviewed by Dr. Rasoul Montazeri

Triple Board Certified Physician and The Founder

Niayesh Najafi

Medical student and researcher in Health Sciences

Table of contents

Constipation and GLP-1 Medications Explained
Key Signs and Symptoms to Watch For
Evidence-Based Strategies for Relief
Supplemental and Over-the-Counter Aids
Expert Tips for Prevention
When to See a Healthcare Provider
Get Care Guidance From Healthon
Frequently Asked Questions

Key takeaways

• GLP-1 medications can cause constipation — slowed digestion leads to harder, drier stools.
• Hydration, fiber, and daily movement — first-line strategies for relief and prevention.
• OTC supports (fiber, stool softeners, osmotic laxatives) — helpful when lifestyle changes aren’t enough.
• See a healthcare provider — if symptoms persist, worsen, or include red-flag signs.

Woman holding Ozempic semaglutide injection pen representing GLP-1 medication use for weight loss and metabolic treatment

Starting a GLP-1 medication like Ozempic or Wegovy can be an exciting step toward achieving your weight loss and health goals. However, a common hurdle many people face is semaglutide constipation. This digestive side effect can be uncomfortable and discouraging, but understanding why it happens is the first step toward finding relief.

Constipation and GLP-1 Medications Explained

Woman holding stomach in discomfort at home illustrating constipation, bloating, and gastrointestinal side effects associated with GLP-1 medications

Why do GLP-1s like semaglutide cause constipation?

The main reason you may experience constipation on semaglutide is due to its effect on your digestive tract. These medications intentionally cause slow gastric emptying. By delaying how quickly food leaves your stomach, they help you feel satisfied longer, which contributes to weight loss.

However, this effect isn't limited to your stomach. The movement of food is slowed throughout your entire gut. As waste material moves more sluggishly through your intestines, your body absorbs more water from it. This process can leave your stool hard, dry, and difficult to pass.

This combination of delayed digestion and drier stool creates the perfect conditions for constipation. These GI side effects are a direct result of how the medication works to help you manage your appetite and weight.

Key Signs and Symptoms to Watch For

Illustration explaining how GLP-1 medications can cause constipation and how to recognize and address digestive complications

Typical symptoms of medication-related constipation

If you are experiencing constipation, you might notice one or more of the following symptoms:

Having fewer bowel movements than what is normal for you (e.g., less than three per week).
Stools that are hard, dry, or lumpy and difficult to pass.
A feeling of bloating or abdominal pain and cramping.
Straining more than usual during a bowel movement.
Feeling like you haven't completely emptied your bowels.

Red flag signs: When should you be concerned?

Contact your doctor or seek urgent care right away if you experience any of the following:

Severe abdominal pain or cramping that doesn't go away.
An inability to pass gas or have a bowel movement at all.
Vomiting, especially if it contains undigested food.
Blood in your stool or on the toilet paper after wiping.

Evidence-Based Strategies for Relief

Yoga mat and water bottle symbolizing hydration and physical activity strategies to relieve constipation while on GLP-1 therapy

Let's look at how to implement these changes for the best results.

Staying hydrated: What works best and how much is needed

Aim for a consistent daily intake to support regular bowel movements and overall health. Here are some simple tips:

Target 8-10 glasses (64-80 ounces) of water per day.
Carry a water bottle with you as a visual reminder.
Drink a full glass of water when you wake up and before each meal.
Limit sugary drinks, as they don't hydrate as effectively and can impact blood sugar.

Dietary fiber: Timing, sources, and balancing intake

Focus on getting fiber from whole foods for the best results. Here are some excellent sources:

Soluble fiber: Oats, beans, apples, and citrus fruits absorb water to soften stool.
Insoluble fiber: Whole grains, nuts, and vegetables like broccoli and cauliflower add bulk to promote regular bowel movements.
Fruits: Berries, pears, and prunes are famously effective.
Legumes: Lentils, chickpeas, and black beans are packed with fiber.

Movement and physical activity to support digestion

Aim to incorporate movement into your daily routine. Here are a few ideas:

Take a brisk 30-minute walk each day.
Try gentle yoga, as twists and forward folds can help stimulate the digestive system.
Go for a light jog or a bike ride.
Do simple stretches in the morning to wake up your body and your gut.

Supplemental and Over-the-Counter Aids

Magnesium citrate vs magnesium glycinate for constipation relief

Magnesium supplements are often recommended for constipation, but it's important to choose the right kind. Magnesium citrate and magnesium glycinate are two common forms, but they work very differently in the digestive system.

Magnesium citrate is an osmotic laxative. Its active ingredient works by pulling water into your intestines. This excess water softens the stool and stimulates bowel movements, providing effective constipation relief.

It is typically used for short-term relief rather than daily prevention. In contrast, magnesium glycinate is a form that is highly absorbable and less likely to have a laxative effect, making it better for correcting a magnesium deficiency without causing digestive upset.

Are fiber supplements or gentle laxatives safe on GLP-1s?

Yes, certain fiber supplements and gentle laxatives are generally considered safe to use while taking GLP-1s, but you should always talk to your doctor first. They can recommend the right product and dosage for your needs and ensure it won't interfere with your medication or cause other GI side effects.

Psyllium husk (found in products like Metamucil) is a popular fiber supplement that provides both soluble and insoluble fiber to help soften and bulk up stool. It's a good option if you struggle to get enough fiber from your diet.

Gentle, osmotic laxatives are often recommended for medication-induced constipation. Here are some options to discuss with your provider:

Polyethylene glycol (MiraLAX): This is a gentle osmotic laxative that works by drawing water into the colon to soften stool.
Docusate sodium (Colace): This is a stool softener, which helps mix water into the stool, making it easier to pass.
Magnesium citrate: As mentioned, this can provide short-term relief.

Expert Tips for Prevention

Healthy DASH diet foods representing fiber-rich nutrition to support bowel regularity and gut health during GLP-1 treatment

Foods that help maintain regularity while on semaglutide

Fueling your body with the right foods is key to preventing constipation. Since GLP-1s reduce your appetite, it's important to make every meal count by choosing nutrient-dense, high-fiber options. These foods will support your digestive system and help you achieve regular bowel movements.

Incorporate a variety of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains into your daily diet. Probiotic-rich foods like yogurt and kefir can also support overall gut health.

Here are some of the best foods to keep on your grocery list:

Berries: Raspberries and blackberries are packed with fiber and antioxidants.
Leafy Greens: Spinach, kale, and other greens add fiber and nutrients without a lot of calories.
Beans and Lentils: These are fiber powerhouses that help add bulk to stool.
Whole Grains: Choose oatmeal, brown rice, and quinoa over refined grains.
Prunes and Apples: Both are well-known for their natural laxative properties.

When to See a Healthcare Provider

Persistent constipation: How long is too long?

If you have been trying lifestyle remedies like increasing water and fiber without success, you might be wondering how long you should wait before calling your doctor. While everyone's digestive system is different, persistent constipation warrants medical attention.

As a general rule, if your constipation lasts for more than two weeks despite your best efforts, it's time to check in with your healthcare provider. This could be considered chronic constipation, and your doctor can help find the root cause and a more effective treatment.

You should also contact your provider if:

At-home remedies provide no relief at all.
You find yourself needing to use laxatives multiple times a week to have a bowel movement.

Possible complications and when to seek medical help

In rare cases, severe or untreated constipation can lead to serious complications. One of the most significant concerns is a bowel blockage or bowel obstruction, also known as ileus. While uncommon, people have reported this condition while taking semaglutide. This is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention.

The effects of semaglutide on slowing digestion can, in very rare instances, contribute to these blockages. It is vital to recognize the warning signs and act quickly.

Seek emergency medical help if you experience any of the following symptoms along with constipation:

Severe stomach pain and cramping
Inability to pass gas
Vomiting
A swollen or distended abdomen

Get Care Guidance From Healthon

Doctor consulting senior woman about managing GLP-1 side effects and prescribing supportive treatment for constipation relief

For personalized strategies and 24/7 support in managing GLP-1 side effects, the team at Healthon is here to help. Contact us today to get the guidance and assistance you need to feel your best.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does GLP-1–related constipation improve over time?

Yes, for many people, constipation is a temporary side effect that improves as their body adjusts to the medication. Clinical studies show that while it can last for several weeks initially, the digestive system often adapts over time. It is most common when starting GLP-1s or increasing the dose.

Can pelvic physical therapy help with constipation from weight loss medications?

Pelvic physical therapy can be an effective treatment for certain types of chronic constipation by strengthening pelvic floor muscles involved in bowel movements. While general movement is recommended for GLP-1-related constipation, you should consult your healthcare provider to see if this specialized therapy is an appropriate option for you.

What do medical experts recommend for safe constipation relief with GLP-1s?

Medical experts first recommend lifestyle changes: increase water and fiber intake and engage in regular physical activity. If these are not sufficient, they may suggest over-the-counter options like polyethylene glycol (MiraLAX) or a stool softener after consultation. Always talk to your doctor before starting any new supplement or laxative.