GLP-1 Trend Watch 2025: usage keeps climbing

Recent data show a sharp rise in GLP-1 usage among U.S. adults, driven by increasing obesity rates and growing awareness of weight management options. Coverage expansion is expected to continue through 2025, particularly within Medicaid programs and employer-sponsored health plans. This guide summarizes CDC and WTW data on GLP-1 usage, access challenges, and the cost implications shaping employer and patient decisions.

Our goal is to provide a clear, data-driven explainer that patients, HR leaders, and journalists can rely on. From prescription numbers to coverage hurdles, we’ll cover the essential insights shaping the future of GLP-1s and their role in public health.

GLP-1s in 2025: Usage, Coverage, and Costs

The rise of GLP-1 medications has transformed diabetes and obesity management. However, their rapid growth also brings major financial challenges for patients and employers.

The following sections examine the key factors behind this surge in demand, including what’s driving popularity, how insurers and employers are handling coverage decisions, and what patients can expect to pay out of pocket if insurance is not available.

Why GLP-1 Weight Loss Drugs Dominate Headlines

GLP-1 weight loss drugs, including Wegovy® and Zepbound®, are in high demand because they deliver consistent and clinically significant weight loss, often 15–20% of total body weight in clinical trials. For many patients who previously had limited success with traditional interventions, these results represent a major breakthrough. Their proven efficacy and growing demand have made them a central focus of medical and policy discussions.

Furthermore, the growing obesity rates in the United States make effective weight management solutions a significant concern for public health. GLP-1s offer a promising new tool in addressing this challenge, which is why physicians, patients, and policymakers are all paying close attention.

How Coverage Debates Are Shaping Policy And Access

The cost of GLP-1 medications continues to drive policy debate. According to WTW’s 2024 survey, 52% of employers currently cover GLP-1s for weight loss, while 70% of non-covering employers say they might add coverage if prices drop. This financial pressure is influencing employer policies, with many adopting stricter eligibility criteria or considering temporary exclusions to manage rising costs.

These financial realities are actively shaping coverage decisions. Some employers are implementing participation requirements such as lifestyle or nutrition programs, while others are evaluating temporary pauses or exclusions to offset expenses. These choices directly affect who can access these transformative treatments through their health plans.

Out-Of-Pocket Costs Without Insurance

Without insurance, GLP-1 drugs such as Wegovy® and Zepbound® can cost more than $1,000 per month, making them inaccessible for many patients. This cost gap has spurred interest in compounded or direct-to-consumer versions, which are not FDA-approved and may pose safety concerns. The persistent affordability issue underscores the need for clearer coverage policies and patient assistance programs.

The high financial burden continues to highlight the gap between patient demand and affordable access. Until list prices decrease or coverage policies expand, many people will face difficult choices between paying out-of-pocket or delaying care, decisions that can carry long-term health consequences.

How Many Adults Are Using GLP-1s? 

To understand the scale of the GLP-1 trend, it is helpful to look at the numbers. Recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) gives us a clear snapshot of who is using these injectable medications. In 2024, an estimated 6.9 million adults with diagnosed diabetes were using GLP-1s.

This figure represents 26.5% of all adults with diagnosed diabetes, a dramatic rise over a short study period. The following sections will break down this data further, exploring the national prescription trends and the specific demographics of GLP-1 users.

National Prescription Trends From 2024 To 2025

The national prescription trends for GLP-1s show a rapid and sustained increase in drug utilization. According to a CDC report from August 2025, 26.5% of adults with diagnosed diabetes used GLP-1 injectables in 2024. This reflects a significant annual growth rate, with usage soaring 155% between 2018 and 2022 alone.

This growth is not uniform across all demographics. The data reveals interesting patterns based on age, race, and other health factors. For instance, usage peaks in middle-aged adults and varies significantly among different racial and ethnic groups.

The table below, based on the 2024 National Health Interview Survey, provides a detailed breakdown of GLP-1 injectable use among adults with diagnosed diabetes.

Demographics of GLP-1 Users (Age, Gender, Conditions)

A closer look at the demographics of GLP-1 users reveals some distinct patterns. While usage is similar between men (25.9%) and women (27.2%) with diagnosed diabetes, there are notable differences by age. Use increases with age, peaking at 33.3% in the 50–64 age group before declining to 20.8% among those 65 and older.

Race and ethnicity also play a role. Hispanic adults with diagnosed diabetes have the highest usage rate at 31.3%. This is followed by Black non-Hispanic (26.5%) and White non-Hispanic (26.2%) adults. In contrast, Asian non-Hispanic adults have a significantly lower usage rate of 12.1%.

Perhaps unsurprisingly, there is a strong correlation with body mass index (BMI). GLP-1 use rises with increasing BMI, from 16.7% among those at a healthy weight to 32.4% among those with obesity. This highlights the dual role these drugs play in managing both blood sugar and weight.

Growth Beyond Diabetes Into Obesity Management

While GLP-1s were originally developed for diabetes treatment, a significant portion of their growth is now driven by their effectiveness in obesity management. Real-world data shows that many people are using these drugs primarily for weight loss, even if they do not have type 2 diabetes.

An analysis from HealthVerity of a closed claims dataset between 2020 and 2023 provides compelling evidence. It found that of the 1.5 million patients with a prescription for tirzepatide or semaglutide, roughly one in four did not have a type 2 diabetes diagnosis.

This suggests that a substantial part of the demand comes from expanded indications for weight loss. As pharmaceutical companies gain FDA approval for these drugs specifically for obesity, this trend is expected to continue, further separating their use from traditional diabetes care.

Employers: Coverage, PMPM, And Cost Controls (WTW)

For employers, the GLP-1 trend presents a major challenge: balancing employee health with skyrocketing pharmacy costs. As more employees seek coverage for these drugs, companies are grappling with the impact on their health plan budgets. The per member per month (PMPM) cost has increased exponentially, forcing many to implement cost controls.

Data from WTW's 2024 healthcare survey sheds light on how employers are responding. In the sections below, we will explore employer adoption rates for GLP-1 coverage, the immense pressure on PMPM costs, and the specific strategies companies are using to manage this new expense.

Employer Adoption Rates In 2025

When it comes to GLP-1s for weight loss, employer adoption of coverage is a mixed and evolving picture. A recent study from WTW found that in 2024, 52% of employers covered these medications for obesity. This means that about half of employees have access, but the other half do not, creating a significant gap between demand and availability.

This divide is largely driven by cost. The same study revealed that 70% of employers who do not currently cover GLP-1s for obesity would consider adding it if the prices were lower. This indicates a willingness to support employees' health needs, but only if it becomes financially sustainable.

As a result, many employers find themselves in a difficult position. They face pressure from employees who want access to these effective treatments, but they must also manage the budget constraints of their health plans. Decisions made by the company's pharmacy benefit manager are also a key factor in these coverage choices.

Per Member Per Month (PMPM) Cost Pressures

The financial challenges tied to GLP-1s are starkly illustrated by the rise in per member per month (PMPM) costs. According to WTW data, the PMPM expenditure on these drugs for employers has increased exponentially. It jumped from just $4.34 in 2022 to a staggering $27.23 in the first quarter of 2025.

This massive spike in pharmacy costs is placing unprecedented strain on employer-sponsored health plans. In fact, research shows that just five GLP-1 drugs accounted for 21% of the total prescription costs for a large pharmacy coalition in early 2025. This is a dramatic increase from just 1% in 2020.

While these drugs may lead to long-term cost savings by reducing obesity-related health complications, the immediate financial impact is a major concern. Employers are now forced to find ways to absorb or mitigate these expenses without compromising the quality of their benefits.

Cost-Control Measures (Caps, Exclusions, Step Therapy)

In response to rising costs, employers are implementing a variety of cost-control measures to manage GLP-1 spending. According to WTW, these strategies are becoming increasingly common among companies that cover the drugs for obesity. The goal is to ensure appropriate use and contain expenses without eliminating the benefit entirely.

These measures often require patients to meet certain criteria before a prescription is approved. For example, many plans now mandate prior authorization, where a doctor must justify the medical necessity of the drug. Others require patients to try lower-cost alternatives first, a practice known as step therapy.

Common cost-control strategies reported by employers include:

• Lifestyle modification requirements: 69% of employers require participation in a diet and exercise program.

• Step therapy: 63% require members to try lower-cost medications first.

• Limiting therapy duration: 63% are placing caps on how long a member can use the medication.

• Higher BMI requirements: 20% of employers only cover GLP-1s for obesity at a body mass index of 35 or more, which is higher than the FDA-approved threshold.

Why Demand Keeps Rising (Efficacy, Indications, Awareness)

The demand for GLP-1 weight loss drugs continues to surge for a few key reasons. The impressive clinical efficacy in both weight loss and diabetes management is a primary driver. People are seeing real, significant results, which fuels word-of-mouth and patient requests.

At the same time, the number of approved uses for these drugs is growing, and consumer awareness is at an all-time high thanks to media coverage and marketing. In the following sections, we'll explore how these factors, powerful results, new indications, and widespread awareness, are combining to create unprecedented demand.

Clinical Efficacy Fueling Demand (Weight Loss & Diabetes)

At the heart of the GLP-1 phenomenon is their undeniable clinical efficacy. These medications deliver results that were previously difficult to achieve without surgery, driving intense patient and physician interest. For people with type 2 diabetes, GLP-1s effectively lower blood sugar levels and support diabetes management.

The more significant driver of demand, however, is their power to produce significant weight loss. For example, the SURMOUNT-5 trial showed that tirzepatide (Zepbound) helped patients achieve roughly 20% weight loss, compared to 14% with semaglutide (Wegovy). Such transformative outcomes are a powerful motivator for patients struggling with obesity.

Beyond weight and blood sugar, studies like the SELECT trial have shown that GLP-1s also reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes. This ability to address cardiovascular disease adds another compelling reason for their widespread adoption.

Expanded FDA Indications In 2024/2025

The potential uses for GLP-1s are expanding rapidly, moving well beyond their original purpose of diabetes management. In 2024 and 2025, the FDA has been reviewing and granting new indications, broadening the patient populations who can benefit from these therapies and fueling further demand.

Recent FDA approvals have included indications for cardiovascular risk reduction, and others are anticipated for conditions like obstructive sleep apnea and chronic kidney disease. Novo Nordisk has also received a Priority Review for semaglutide to treat metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), a serious liver disease. An FDA approval decision is expected by the third quarter of 2025.

Looking ahead, ongoing clinical trials are investigating GLP-1s for an even wider range of conditions, including Alzheimer's disease and alcohol use disorder. These expanded uses position GLP-1s as multi-system therapies, not just treatments for diabetes or high obesity rates.

Consumer Awareness And Direct-To-Patient Marketing

In recent years, consumer awareness of GLP-1s has skyrocketed. It is nearly impossible to avoid hearing about drugs like Ozempic and Wegovy, which have been featured in news articles, celebrity endorsements, and social media trends. This widespread public conversation has made GLP-1s a household name.

Pharmaceutical companies have also invested heavily in direct-to-patient marketing, with television commercials and online ads promoting the benefits of their brand names for weight loss and diabetes. This has empowered patients to ask their doctors about these medications specifically, further driving up prescription rates.

According to a RAND survey, while most Americans do not plan to take these drugs, 11.8% have already used them for weight loss and another 14% express interest. This high level of awareness and interest, combined with proven results, creates a powerful cycle of demand that continues to grow.

Access Realities: Prior Auths, Step Therapy, Shortages

Despite the high demand for GLP-1s, getting a prescription filled is not always straightforward. Patients often face a series of hurdles related to insurance coverage and supply. Common barriers include requirements for prior authorization, step therapy protocols, and outright coverage exclusions, all designed to control costs.

On top of these administrative hurdles, drug shortages have plagued the market, making it difficult for patients to start or continue treatment. The following sections will detail these access realities, from navigating insurance rules to dealing with supply chain issues.

Common Insurance Hurdles For Patients

For many patients, the biggest obstacle to accessing GLP-1s is their insurance coverage. Health plans and their pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) have put several hurdles in place to manage the high cost of these drugs. One of the most common is prior authorization, a process that requires your doctor to get pre-approval from the insurer.

This process can be slow and burdensome, often requiring detailed medical records to prove that the medication is necessary. Some plans go a step further, implementing exclusions that deny coverage for weight loss medications altogether, even if a doctor prescribes them.

Another common hurdle is step therapy, which forces you to try and fail with cheaper, older medications before the plan will cover a newer, more expensive one like a GLP-1. These barriers can delay treatment and cause significant frustration for patients seeking care.

The Role Of Prior Authorizations And Appeals

If your initial request for a GLP-1 is denied, the process is not necessarily over. The prior authorization system often leads to an appeals process, where you and your doctor can provide additional information to challenge the insurance company's decision. This is especially common for a specialty drug with a high price tag.

Successfully appealing a denial typically requires strong documentation from your clinician, outlining why the GLP-1 is medically necessary for your specific condition. This might include proof that other treatments have failed or that you have comorbidities like heart disease that make the GLP-1 the best option.

The need for appeals adds another layer of complexity and stress for patients. It also highlights the importance of having a supportive healthcare provider who can help you navigate the administrative maze of insurance coverage. If you switch jobs, you may have to start this entire process over with a new health plan.

Shortages And Supply Chain Updates In 2025

For the past few years, drug shortages have been a major issue for patients trying to access GLP-1s. The explosive demand caught manufacturers like Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly off guard, leading to a strained supply chain and widespread difficulty in finding certain doses of drugs like Wegovy and Zepbound.

These shortages have had a significant impact on patient care. Many people were unable to start therapy, while others who were already on the medication had their treatment interrupted. This inconsistency made it difficult to maintain adherence and achieve the best possible health outcomes.

The good news is that the supply situation seems to be improving in 2025. Both semaglutide and tirzepatide are now off the FDA's official shortage list. While localized issues may still pop up, the large-scale shortages of recent years appear to be resolving as manufacturers ramp up production.

What This Means For Patients (Practical Takeaways)

The rapid expansion of GLP-1 use is reshaping both clinical care and insurance coverage. Patients should review their plan’s formulary, confirm prior authorization rules, and explore manufacturer assistance programs before starting treatment. Staying informed helps ensure safe, affordable, and sustained access.

The following sections provide practical guidance to help you navigate access and affordability. We’ll outline how to check your insurance coverage, who to contact for support, and what options to consider if your plan denies coverage for weight management medications.

How To Check If Your Plan Covers GLP-1s

Figuring out if your health plan provides insurance coverage for GLP-1s can feel like solving a puzzle. The first step is to become familiar with your plan's prescription drug benefits, which are often managed by a separate company called a pharmacy benefit manager (PBM).

Your plan's drug formulary is the key document to review. This is a list of all the medications covered by your insurance. It’s typically available on your insurer's website or through the member services number listed on your insurance card. Look for brand names like Wegovy, Zepbound, Ozempic, or Mounjaro to see if they are included.

To check your coverage, follow these steps:

• Review your plan's drug formulary: Look for your prescribed GLP-1 and check its coverage tier and any restrictions.

• Call your insurer or PBM: Ask a representative directly if the drug is covered for your diagnosis (e.g., type 2 diabetes vs. obesity).

• Check for prior authorization requirements: Find out if your doctor will need to get pre-approval.

• Inquire about step therapy rules: Ask if you need to try other medications first.

Talking To HR Or Benefits Managers About Coverage

If you discover your company's health plan doesn't offer the insurance coverage you need, your next step could be to talk to your HR department or benefits manager. They are the ones who make decisions about the health benefits offered to employees and can provide insight into why certain treatments are or are not covered.

When you approach them, be prepared to have a constructive conversation. Explain why you believe coverage for GLP-1s is important, not just for you but for the overall health and well-being of the workforce. It may help to mention the proven benefits for conditions like obesity and diabetes, which are top health priorities for most employers.

Remember that many employers are open to considering GLP-1 coverage but are concerned about cost. Sharing information about the long-term health benefits and potential for reduced healthcare spending down the line could help make a compelling case for a policy change during the next open enrollment period.

Alternatives If Coverage Is Denied

A coverage denial can be disheartening, but it does not mean you are out of options. There are several alternatives to consider for weight management if you cannot get insurance to cover a GLP-1 medication. The right path will depend on your health needs, financial situation, and personal preferences.

One option is to appeal the denial, a process your doctor can help with. If the appeal is unsuccessful, you might explore other medical or lifestyle-based approaches. While they may not produce results as quickly as GLP-1s, many are proven to be effective for long-term health.

Consider these alternatives if coverage is denied:

• Manufacturer savings programs: Check the drugmaker's website for patient assistance programs or copay cards that can reduce out-of-pocket costs.

• Lifestyle changes: Work with a dietitian and personal trainer to create a structured program focused on diet and physical activity.

• Older weight loss medications: Ask your doctor about other, less expensive prescription drugs for weight management.

• Bariatric surgery: For those living with severe obesity, surgery may be a covered option that provides lasting results.

Talk To A Healthon Clinician About Coverage And Care Pathways

Discussing GLP-1 therapy with a qualified clinician helps ensure safe use and coverage optimization. At Healthon, our clinicians guide patients through prior authorizations, cost assistance options, and personalized treatment strategies that support long-term, sustainable results, so you can feel confident and supported throughout your treatment journey.

How Clinicians Can Support Prior Authorization Requests

A supportive clinician is your most valuable ally when facing a prior authorization request for a GLP-1. Insurers require detailed medical justification, and your doctor is the one who can provide it. They can compile the necessary medical records, lab results, and chart notes to build a strong case for why the medication is necessary for you.

Your clinician can document your medical history, including any past attempts at weight loss, existing health conditions like high blood pressure or sleep apnea, and why a GLP-1 is the most appropriate treatment. This evidence-based approach plays a key role in securing approval from the insurance company.

If the initial request is denied, your clinician can also lead the appeals process. They can speak directly with the insurer's medical reviewers to advocate on your behalf. This expert support significantly increases your chances of success and is essential for overcoming these common administrative barriers.

Navigating Coverage vs. Cash-Pay Options

If you are unable to secure insurance coverage, you will need to decide between forgoing treatment or pursuing cash-pay options. Paying out-of-pocket can be extremely expensive, with monthly pharmacy costs often exceeding $1,000. However, there are a few avenues to explore for potential cost savings.

Your clinician can help you weigh the pros and cons of each choice. They can discuss the risks and benefits of using direct-to-consumer telehealth services that offer compounded drugs, which may be cheaper but lack FDA oversight. They can also help you find legitimate savings programs that can make brand-name drugs more affordable.

If you are considering paying cash, here are some options to discuss with your doctor:

• Manufacturer patient assistance programs: These programs may offer the drug for free or at a reduced cost if you meet certain income requirements.

• Copay savings cards: Even without full coverage, these cards can significantly lower your monthly cost.

• Exploring different pharmacies: Prices can vary between pharmacies, so it is worth shopping around.

• Using a lower "microdose": Some studies suggest lower doses combined with lifestyle support can still be effective, though this is not a formally approved strategy.

Personalized Treatment And Follow-Up Care

GLP-1 medications are a powerful tool, but they are not a magic bullet. For the best long-term results, they should be part of a personalized treatment plan that includes ongoing follow-up care. This well-rounded approach helps ensure patient adherence and promotes sustainable health improvements.

Your clinician will work with you to manage side effects, adjust your dosage as needed, and monitor your progress. They will also emphasize the importance of lifestyle modifications, such as adopting a healthy diet and increasing physical activity. These habits are crucial for maintaining weight loss, preserving muscle mass, and improving overall health.

Regular check-ins allow your care team to tailor the treatment to your specific needs and challenges. This partnership is key to not only achieving your weight loss goals but also building a foundation for lifelong wellness.

As we look ahead to 2025, the upward trend in GLP-1 utilization signifies a pivotal shift in both patient care and employer strategies. With a growing number of adults incorporating these medications into their health management plans, understanding the nuances of coverage options, costs, and access challenges becomes essential. 

The expanding indications and heightened awareness are driving demand, but navigating insurance hurdles can be daunting. Empower yourself by staying informed and proactive about your GLP-1 coverage options. For personalized support and guidance, sign up today to talk to a Healthon clinician who can help you navigate the challenges of GLP-1 therapy and find the best pathways to care. Your health journey deserves the right support!

Frequently Asked Questions

What Future Therapies Or Improvements Are Anticipated For GLP-1 Medications?

Future therapies in the GLP-1 pipeline include more effective new drugs like dual-action agonists, oral pill versions for weight loss, and combination therapies designed to preserve muscle mass during weight loss. Clinical trials are also exploring GLP-1s for conditions like MASH, Alzheimer's disease, and alcohol use disorder.

How Are Employers Navigating Coverage Decisions For GLP-1 Drugs In 2025?

In 2025, employers are cautiously navigating GLP-1 coverage. Recent data shows over half offer it for weight loss but implement cost controls like prior authorizations, step therapy, and lifestyle program requirements. Many who don't offer coverage would reconsider if the specialty drug prices were lower.

Are There Cost-Saving Or Alternative Options Available For GLP-1 Therapy?

Yes, alternatives and cost-saving options exist. These include manufacturer savings programs, appealing an insurance denial, and exploring other medical treatments like older weight-loss drugs or bariatric surgery. Holistic lifestyle changes focusing on diet and exercise are also a crucial, effective alternative to reduce pharmacy costs.

Will My Health Plan Cover Wegovy Or Zepbound In 2025?

Coverage for brand names like Wegovy or Zepbound depends entirely on your specific health plan. Check your plan's drug formulary or call your pharmacy benefit manager to confirm. Be aware of potential exclusions for weight loss or requirements like prior authorization, even if the drug is listed.

What Happens To My GLP-1 Coverage If I Switch Jobs?

If you switch jobs, your GLP-1 coverage will depend on the new employer's health plan. You will likely need to re-verify coverage with the new pharmacy benefit manager and may have to go through the prior authorization process again. It is best to check with your new HR department.

Is GLP-1 Coverage Expanding In 2025?

GLP-1 coverage is expanding in some ways but contracting in others. While new indications for conditions like heart disease may broaden access, high costs are causing many employers and pharmacy benefit managers to add restrictions. Policy remains in flux, making coverage patterns inconsistent across different plans.

How Much Do GLP-1 Drugs Cost Without Insurance?

Without insurance, the out-of-pocket costs for GLP-1s are very high. Brand names like Wegovy or Zepbound can cost over $1,000 per month for the injectable drug administration. These high pharmacy costs make the treatment unaffordable for many people without coverage or financial assistance.

Can Medicare Or Medicaid Cover GLP-1s For Obesity?

Currently, federal law prohibits Medicare from covering drugs for obesity management, though this policy is under debate. Medicaid coverage varies by state, as some state drug utilization data reflects coverage for GLP-1s for weight loss, but it is not universal. Policy changes are possible but remain uncertain.

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